An In-Depth Exploration of Robotics: Innovations, Applications, Future Trends, and the Impact of Autonomous and Intelligent Machines on Society
ROBOTICS
What Is Robotics?
Robotics is the engineering branch
that deals with the conception, design, construction, operation, application,
and usage of robots. Digging a little deeper, we see that robots are defined as
an automatically operated machine that carries out a series of actions
independently and does the work usually accomplished by a human.
Incidentally, robots don’t have
to resemble humans, although some do. Look at images of automobile assembly
lines for proof. Robots that appear human are typically referred to as
“androids.” Although robot designers make their creations appear human so that
people feel more at ease around them, it’s not always the case. Some people
find robots, especially ones that resemble people, creepy.
Types of Robots
Robots are versatile machines,
evidenced by their wide variety of forms and functions. Here's a list of a few
kinds of robots we see today:
- Healthcare: Robots in the
healthcare industry do everything from assisting in surgery to physical
therapy to help people walk to moving through hospitals and delivering
essential supplies such as meds or linens. Healthcare robots have even
contributed to the ongoing fight against the pandemic, filling and sealing
testing swabs and producing respirators.
- Homelife: You need look no
further than a Roomba to find a robot in someone's house. But they do more
now than vacuuming floors; home-based robots can mow lawns or augment
tools like Alexa.
- Manufacturing: The field of
manufacturing was the first to adopt robots, such as the automobile
assembly line machines we previously mentioned. Industrial robots handle a
various tasks like arc welding, material handling, steel cutting, and food
packaging.
- Logistics: Everybody wants their
online orders delivered on time, if not sooner. So companies employ robots
to stack warehouse shelves, retrieve goods, and even conduct short-range
deliveries.
- Space Exploration: Mars
explorers such as Sojourner and Perseverance are robots. The Hubble
telescope is classified as a robot, as are deep space probes like Voyager
and Cassini.
- Military: Robots handle
dangerous tasks, and it doesn't get any more difficult than modern
warfare. Consequently, the military enjoys a diverse selection of robots
equipped to address many of the riskier jobs associated with war. For
example, there's the Centaur, an explosive detection/disposal robot that
looks for mines and IEDs, the MUTT, which follows soldiers around and
totes their gear, and SAFFiR, which fights fires that break out on naval
vessels.
- Entertainment: We already have
toy robots, robot statues, and robot restaurants. As robots become more
sophisticated, expect their entertainment value to rise accordingly.
- Travel: We only need to say
three words: self-driving vehicles.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of Robots
Like any innovation today, robots have
their plusses and negatives. Here’s a breakdown of the good and bad about
robots and the future of robotics.
Advantages
- They work in hazardous environments:
Why risk human lives when you can send a robot in to do the job? Consider
how preferable it is to have a robot fighting a fire or working on a
nuclear reactor core.
- They’re cost-effective: Robots don’t
take sick days or coffee breaks, nor need perks like life insurance, paid
time off, or healthcare offerings like dental and vision.
- They increase productivity: Robots
are wired to perform repetitive tasks ad infinitum; the human brain is
not. Industries use robots to accomplish the tedious, redundant work,
freeing employees to tackle more challenging tasks and even learn new
skills.
- They offer better quality assurance:
Vigilance decrement is a lapse in concentration that hits workers who
repeatedly perform the same functions. As the human’s concentration level
drops, the likelihood of errors, poor results, or even accidents increases.
Robots perform repetitive tasks flawlessly without having their
performance slip due to boredom.
Disadvantages
- They incur deep startup costs: Robot
implementation is an investment risk, and it costs a lot. Although most
manufacturers eventually see a recoup of their investment over the long
run, it's expensive in the short term. However, this is a common obstacle
in new technological implementation, like setting up a wireless network or
performing cloud migration.
- They might take away jobs: Yes, some
people have been replaced by robots in certain situations, like assembly
lines, for instance. Whenever the business sector incorporates
game-changing technology, some jobs become casualties. However, this
disadvantage might be overstated because robot implementation typically
creates a greater demand for people to support the technology, which
brings up the final disadvantage.
- They require companies to hire
skilled support staff: This drawback is good news for potential
employees, but bad news for thrifty-minded companies. Robots require
programmers, operators, and repair personnel. While job seekers may
rejoice, the prospect of having to recruit professionals (and pay
professional-level salaries!) may serve as an impediment to implementing
robots.
The Future of
Robotics: What’s the Use of AI in Robotics?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) increases
human-robot interaction, collaboration opportunities, and quality. The
industrial sector already has co-bots, which are robots that work alongside
humans to perform testing and assembly.
Advances in AI help robots mimic human
behaviour more closely, which is why they were created in the first place.
Robots that act and think more like people can integrate better into the
workforce and bring a level of efficiency unmatched by human employees.
Robot designers use Artificial
Intelligence to give their creations enhanced capabilities like:
- Computer Vision: Robots can
identify and recognize objects they meet, discern details, and learn how
to navigate or avoid specific items.
- Manipulation: AI helps robots gain
the fine motor skills needed to grasp objects without destroying the item.
- Motion Control and Navigation: Robots
no longer need humans to guide them along paths and process flows. AI
enables robots to analyze their environment and self-navigate. This
capability even applies to the virtual world of software. AI helps robot
software processes avoid flow bottlenecks or process exceptions.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) and
Real-World Perception: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
(ML) help robots better understand their surroundings, recognize and
identify patterns, and comprehend data. These improvements increase the
robot’s autonomy and decrease reliance on human agents.
A Word About Robot
Software
Software robots are computer programs
that perform tasks without human intervention, such as web crawlers or chatbots.
These robots are entirely virtual and not considered actual robots since they
have no physical characteristics.
This technology shouldn't be confused
with robotic software loaded into a robot and determines its programming. However,
it's normal to experience overlap between the two entities since, in both
cases, the software is helping the entity (robot or computer program) perform
its functions independent of human interaction.
The Future of
Robotics and Robots
Thanks to improved sensor technology
and more remarkable advances in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence,
robots will keep moving from mere rote machines to collaborators with cognitive
functions. These advances, and other associated fields, are enjoying an upwards
trajectory, and robotics will significantly benefit from these strides.
We can expect to see more significant
numbers of increasingly sophisticated robots incorporated into more areas of
life, working with humans. Contrary to dystopian-minded prophets of doom, these
improved robots will not replace workers. Industries rise and fall, and some
become obsolete in the face of new technologies, bringing new opportunities for
employment and education.
That’s the case with robots. Perhaps
there will be fewer human workers welding automobile frames, but there will be
a greater need for skilled technicians to program, maintain, and repair the
machines. In many cases, this means that employees could receive valuable
in-house training and upskilling, giving them a set of skills that could apply
to robot programming and maintenance and other fields and industries.
The Future of
Robotics: How Robots Will Change the World
Robots will increase economic growth
and productivity and create new career opportunities for many people worldwide.
However, there are still warnings out there about massive job losses,
forecasting losses of 20 million manufacturing jobs by 2030, or how 30% of
all jobs could be automated by 2030.
But thanks to the consistent levels of
precision that robots offer, we can look forward to robots handling more of the
burdensome, redundant manual labor tasks, making transportation work more
efficiently, improving healthcare, and freeing people to improve themselves.
But, of course, time will tell how this all works out.
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