Cloud Computing: A Comprehensive Overview of the Innovative Technology Revolutionizing Data Storage, Processing, Scalability, and Accessibility Across Various Industries
Cloud Computing
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is a way to access computing resources like storage, databases, and software over the internet. It allows businesses to use computing resources on demand, without the need to purchase and maintain physical infrastructure.
Top benefits of cloud computing
Cloud computing is a big shift from the traditional
way businesses think about IT resources. Here are seven common reasons
organizations are turning to cloud computing services:
Cost
- Moving to the cloud helps companies optimize IT costs. This is because cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware and software and setting up and running onsite datacenters—the racks of servers, the round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling, and the IT experts for managing the infrastructure. It adds up fast.
- Most
cloud computing services are provided self service and on demand, so even
vast amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in minutes,
typically with just a few mouse clicks, giving businesses a lot of
flexibility and taking the pressure off capacity planning.
- The
benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to scale
elastically. In cloud speak, that means delivering the right amount of IT
resources—for example, more or less computing power, storage,
bandwidth—right when they’re needed, and from the right geographic
location.
- Onsite
datacenters typically require a lot of “racking and stacking”—hardware
setup, software patching, and other time-consuming IT management chores.
Cloud computing removes the need for many of these tasks, so IT teams can
spend time on achieving more important business goals.
- The
biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure
datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation of fast
and efficient computing hardware. This offers several benefits over a
single corporate datacenter, including reduced network latency for
applications and greater economies of scale.
- Cloud
computing makes data backup, disaster recovery, and business
continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at
multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network.
- Many
cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls
that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data,
apps, and infrastructure from potential threats.
Not all clouds are the same and no single type of cloud computing is right for everyone. Several different models, types, and services have evolved to help offer the right solution for your needs.
First, you need to determine the type of cloud
deployment, or cloud computing architecture, that your cloud services will be
implemented on. There are three different ways to deploy cloud services: on a
public cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud. Learn more about public,
private, and hybrid clouds.
Public cloud
Public clouds are owned and operated by
third-party cloud service providers, which deliver computing resources
like servers and storage over the internet. Microsoft Azure is an example of a
public cloud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software, and other supporting
infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these
services and manage your account using a web browser.
Private cloud
A private cloud refers to cloud computing
resources used exclusively by a single business or organization. A private
cloud can be physically located on the company’s onsite datacenter. Some
companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A
private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on
a private network.
Hybrid cloud
Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds,
bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared
between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and
public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility and more
deployment options and helps optimize your existing infrastructure, security,
and compliance.
Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS,
serverless, and SaaS
Most cloud computing services fall into four broad
categories: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS),
serverless, and software as a service (SaaS). These are sometimes called the
cloud computing "stack" because they build on top of one another.
Knowing what they are and how they’re different makes it easier to accomplish
your business goals.
IaaS
The most basic category of cloud computing services.
With infrastructure as a service (IaaS), you rent IT
infrastructure—servers and virtual machines (VMs), storage, networks, operating
systems—from a cloud provider on a pay-as-you-go basis.
PaaS
Platform as a service (PaaS) refers to cloud
computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing,
testing, delivering, and managing software applications. PaaS is designed to
make it easier for developers to quickly create web or mobile apps, without
worrying about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers,
storage, network, and databases needed for development.
SaaS
Software as a service (SaaS) is a method for
delivering software applications over the internet, on demand and typically on
a subscription basis. With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software
application and underlying infrastructure, and handle any maintenance, like
software upgrades and security patching. Users connect to the application over
the internet, usually with a web browser on their phone, tablet, or PC.
Serverless computing
Overlapping with PaaS, serverless computing focuses
on building app functionality without spending time continually managing the
servers and infrastructure required to do so. The cloud provider handles the
setup, capacity planning, and server management for you. Serverless
architectures are highly scalable and event-driven, only using resources when a
specific function or trigger occurs.
Uses of cloud computing
You’re probably using cloud computing right now, even
if you don’t realize it. If you use an online service to send email, edit
documents, watch movies or TV, listen to music, play games, or store pictures
and other files, it’s likely that cloud computing is making it all possible
behind the scenes. A variety of organizations—from tiny startups to global
corporations, government agencies to non-profits—have embraced cloud computing
technology for all sorts of reasons.
Here are a few examples of what’s possible with cloud
services from a cloud provider:
- Create cloud-native applications
Quickly build, deploy, and scale applications—web,
mobile, and API. Take advantage
of cloud-native[RM1] technologies and approaches, such as
containers, Kubernetes, microservices architecture, API-driven
communication, and DevOps.
- Store, back up, and recover data
Protect your data more cost-efficiently—and at massive
scale—by transferring your data over the internet to an offsite cloud storage
system that’s accessible from any location and any device.
- Stream audio and video
Connect with your audience anywhere, anytime, on any
device with high-definition video and audio with global distribution.
- Deliver software on demand
Also known as software as a service (SaaS), on-demand
software lets you offer the latest software versions and updates to
customers—anytime they need, anywhere they are.
- Test and build applications
Reduce application development cost and time by using
cloud infrastructures that can easily be scaled up or down.
- Analyze data
Unify your data across teams, divisions, and locations
in the cloud. Then use cloud services, such as machine learning and artificial
intelligence, to uncover insights for more informed decisions.
- Embed intelligence
Use intelligent models to help engage customers and
provide valuable insights from the data captured.
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